Nail salon workers in Australia are raising concerns about their exposure to harmful chemicals, prompting calls for more research and better workplace safety measures. The issue is particularly relevant for migrant and refugee women who work in small businesses in shopping centers and commercial strips, often with limited English proficiency and no driver's license. These workers are at risk of inhaling chemical vapors and tiny airborne particles, which can lead to various health problems, including headaches, respiratory issues, and sinus problems.
One such worker, Duyen, wore surgical masks to try and protect herself, but she was unaware that these masks are ineffective against chemical vapors. Respirator masks, like N95 masks, can provide better protection if fitted properly, but many employers do not provide them. Anmi, another former nail technician, also wore two layers of surgical masks for similar reasons, but she was concerned about the long-term impacts of nail salon work on her health.
Evidence linking nail salon work to cancer is inconclusive, but studies have found high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air at levels similar to those in oil refineries and auto garages. These compounds can lead to negative health effects and increase the lifetime cancer risk. However, one large study in California did not find an increase in cancer cases among workers, but it emphasized the need for further research.
Salon owners are taking steps to mitigate risks, such as providing surgical masks and respirator masks, installing ventilation and extraction systems, and using quality products from reputable brands. However, some owners may not understand Australian workplace standards or how to implement them effectively.
Workplace safety regulators oversee nail salon business owners' responsibility to provide safe working environments. However, researchers and nail technicians have noted that workers are less likely to make formal complaints if they are employed casually, on a temporary visa, or have limited English skills.
To address these concerns, some authorities provide written resources in Vietnamese for business owners and workers, and community activists are calling for more proactive audits and information sessions to raise awareness of employers' responsibilities and employees' rights. Ultimately, the health and safety of nail salon workers depend on a combination of employer responsibility, workplace safety measures, and proactive monitoring by authorities.
